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Your guide to Machine Vision
Guide Topics
Machine Vision
System parts
Vision Techniques
Major Illumination Types
Illumination Intensity
Illumination Basics
Specific Lighting Techniques
Polarizing Filters
Lens Basics
Lens Selection
Lens Characteristics
Major Image Processing Methods
Grayscale Edge Detection
Normalized Correlation Search
Binarization Stabilization Technique
Binarization Application Examples
Labeling
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Coated Glossy Surface, Engraved Mark Inspection
Detection of Scratches and Chips on a Low Contrast Surface
Detection of the Dimensions and Shape of Transparent Objects
Detection of Concave and Convex, Print on Curved Surface, and Contamination
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Machine Vision Systems
  

Detection of Scratches and Chips on a Low Contrast Surface

Low Angle Lighting Clearly Shades Small Edges, Concave and Convex Areas

Detection of Rubber Packing Chips
Detection of chips around circumference, scratches or areas of uneven thickness which may occur during the molding process are difficult to identify visually due to the lack of contrast.
Detecting chips and scratches  
In the case of simple reflected light
Detecting chips with normal lighting
The chips around the circumference are undetected.
 
In the case of low-angle light
Detecting chips with oblique lighting
The chips around the edge stand out.

Low Angle Lighting Technique

With the low angle method, the workpiece edge is irradiated from a low angle. Although direct irradiation from the top causes the light to diffuse and makes it hard to detect the edges, by irradiating the edge surface at an angle, the contrast of concave and convex at the edge can be photographed and detected.
Set-up for oblique lighting with a ring light

Coaxial Illumination Captures the Light of a Smooth Surface and Releases the Light over Concave and Convex Areas to Create a Shadow

Detection of Defects on Embossed Tape
This device detects defects such as any collapse or tear at the bottom of the embossed tape case.
Detecing defects on embossed tape  
In the case of simple reflected light
Detecting defects with regular illumination
The reflection is uneven and defects are not easily identified.
 
In the case of coaxial vertical illumination
Detecting defects with coaxial illumination
Only defective parts are projected as a shadow.

Coaxial Vertical Illumination Lighting Technique

The coaxial vertical illumination method irradiates light from the same axis of the lens. By irradiating regular reflected light from the glossy surface and releasing diffused light at the edges of an engraved mark, the light and shade of the object can be captured and detected.
Coaxial illumination set-up diagram

More on this topic...
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Advanced Machine Vision
Machine Vision - Blue LED Illumination
Increases image contrast to minute color and flaw detection.
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