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Your guide to Pressure Sensors
Guide Topics
Overview
Classification
Gauge Pressure and Absolute Pressure
Analog Monitor Output
Glossary
Pressure Conversion Table
Compliance with New Measurement Law (SI Units)
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Pressure Sensors
  

Gauge Pressure and Absolute Pressure


Gauge pressure basics
Pressure is represented by defining atmospheric pressure as zero. Pressure higher than atmospheric pressure is positive pressure, while pressure lower than atmospheric pressure is negative pressure.
Absolute pressure
Pressure is represented by defining absolute vacuum as zero.
Gauge pressure is generally used. Absolute pressure is
used for scientific calculations, etc., and is distinguished
from gauge pressure by putting “abs” after the unit (for
example, mmHg abs).
note: Atmospheric pressure varies depending on the weather, the altitude, etc. Therefore, a gauge pressure measuring instrument in which atmospheric pressure is defined as zero may not display the pressure value under absolute vacuum as “-760 mmHg”.

Analog Monitor Output

Linearity
Analog output voltage from a pressure sensor increases in proportion to pressure. Ideally, the relationship between analog output voltage and pressure would be represented by a straight line. However, actual measurement deviates from this ideal line. Linearity refers to the tolerance range in relation to the ideal line, and is indicated as a percentage of F.S. That is, linearity is the ratio of the deviation from the ideal line to the measuring range.
Chart of pressure versus voltage output
AP-81A (Keyence)
The range of the analog monitor's output of the AP-81A is between 1 to 5V, and all heads output is 1V when atmospheric pressure is applied.
  1V   5V
AP-11 atmospheric pressure arrow -101.3kPa
AP-12 atmospheric pressure arrow +98.0kPa
AP-13 atmospheric pressure arrow +0.98MPa
AP-14 atmospheric pressure arrow +9.80MPa
AP-15 atmospheric pressure arrow +19.6MPa
AP-16 atmospheric pressure arrow +49.0MPa

Glossary

Withstanding pressure
The maximum pressure that can be applied to the pressure sensor. Applying pressure exceeding this value will cause the pressure sensitive element to lose its repeatability or to be damaged.
Display resolution
The minimum unit that can be displayed. With the AP-31, for example, the display resolution is 1 mmHg. Displayed values change sequentially as follows; 99, 100, 101 ....
Repeatability
Represents the detecting point tolerance range when pressure is repeatedly applied under set conditions.
 
Responsibility
Represents the delay time, that is, the time required from pressure application to signal output.
Temperature characteristics
Represents the fluctuation of the detecting point within the ambient temperature range.
 
Noncorrosive gases
Noncorrosive gases include gases in the air (nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas, etc.) and inert gases (argon gas, neon gas, etc.). The AP Series cannot be used with oxygen gas and hydrogen gas because they are highly combustible. The AP Series also cannot be used for helium gas because the molecular structure is extremely small.

Pressure Conversion Table

  mmHg mmH2O kgf/cm2 atm bar psi Pa
1mmHg 1 13.60 1.360×10-3 1.316×10-3 1.333×10-3 1.933×10-2 133.3
1mmH2O 7.356×10-2 1 1×10-4 0.968×10-4 0.981×10-4 1.422×10-3 9.8067
kgf/cm2 735.6 10000 1 0.968 0.981 14.22 98067
1atm 760 10332 1.033 1 1.013 14.71 101325
1bar 750.1 10197 1.020 0.987 1 14.50 100000
1psi 51.72 703.1 0.070 0.068 0.069 1 6895
1Pa 7.501×10-3 0.102 1.020×10-5 9.869×10-6 1×10-5 1.45×10-4 1
Torr:Unit used to represent absolute pressure close to absolute vacuum
Example: 1Torr=1mmHg abs
10-3Torr=0.001mmHg abs
For “mmHg abs”, refer to “Gauge pressure and absolute pressure”.


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